Marginalized Inclusivity: Deforestation, Indigenous Peoples, and Environmental Diplomacy in Southeast Asia

Abstract

In various parts of Southeast Asia, tropical forests, once a source of life and cultural identity for indigenous communities, are now threatened by large-scale development ambitions. Projects such as new capital cities, infrastructure expansion, and the development of food zones have paved the way for massive deforestation. Unfortunately, in this process, indigenous peoples are often seen as obstacles, not as the rightful owners of the lands they have cared for centuries. Forest loss for indigenous communities is not simply the loss of trees or land for them, but it is the loss of homes, history, and futures. Ignoring land rights in the name of infrastructure development will inevitably result in a double crisis of environmental damage and
marginalization of indigenous communities. In situations like this, environmental diplomacy can no longer rely solely on a technocratic approach. An inclusive approach is needed, one that views indigenous peoples not as victims but as key partners in preserving the Earth. This paper will further examine how environmental diplomacy at the bilateral and regional levels, particularly in Southeast Asia, needs to involve indigenous peoples actively in its implementation. Actively involving indigenous peoples by recognizing their rights and making them an integral part of decision-making will increase inclusivity, accountability, legitimacy, and sustainability.