God, Goals, and Grassroots: Exploring the Nexus Between Faith-Based Organizations and the Localization of the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia

Abstract

The implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia meets great challenges. The minimum knowledge and awareness of most Indonesian people towards SDGs become problem for SDGs to be reached. This normative-conceptual study explores strategic role of Islamic and Christian faith-based organizations (FBOs) in advancing SDGs literacy in Indonesia by aligning religious values with global development agendas. Within Islamic framework, this study draws on literature that emphasizes maqāṣid al-sharīʿah as theological foundation that affirms the SDGs’ compatibility with principles of justice, welfare, and protection of fundamental human rights in Islam. Meanwhile, the Christian dimension is examined through an interview with pastor-educator and critical engagement with Christian social teachings, including diaconia, human dignity, and justice, all of which reinforce SDG principles. This study underscores theological convergence between both traditions, framing SDGs as shared moral and spiritual mandate. The study uses theory of norm localization to explain how global development norms are adapted to local situations. This framework shows how religious views change meaning of global norms and how they are applied in specific situations. Concepts such as raḥmatan lil-ʿālamīn in Islam and diaconia in Christianity provide fertile ground for interfaith cooperation in realizing the SDGs’ core vision to “leave no one behind.” Accordingly, the study comprises four core components. First, analysis of existing SDG related programs and FBO initiatives in Indonesia. Second, theological convergence assessment. Third, identification of interfaith collaboration models. Fourth, recommendations for value based partnerships. This study affirms the potential of religious non-state actors as effective grassroots diplomats in sustainable development.