Analysis of the Efforts of The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) in Handling Conflict in Mali 2013-2023

Abstract

Since 2012, Mali has been experiencing a protracted conflict fueled by insurgency by the Tuareg and armed extremist groups, exacerbated by a military coup and weak state institutions. This situation has led to a deep security, political and humanitarian crisis. To response, the UN Security Council established MINUSMA in 2013 as a multidimensional stabilization mission. as a multidimensional stabilization mission with the objective of supporting the political transition and security restoration of security. However, a decade later, conditions in Mali remain unstable, raising questions regarding the effectiveness of this mission in creating long-term peace. This research utilizes Triple Peace theories and concepts that This study uses the theory and concept of Triple Peace, which includes peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding, which is analyzed as MINUSMA's strategy in creating stability in Mali. MINUSMA's strategy in creating stability in Mali. Peacekeeping is carried out through security patrols and civilian protection; peacemaking is analyzed as MINUSMA's strategy in creating stability in Mali. security patrols and protection of civilians; peacemaking through facilitation of dialogue and peace agreements between the government and armed groups. agreements between the government and armed groups; and peacebuilding is realized through infrastructure development and socioeconomic reintegration of ex-combatants. Despite these important achievements, the implementation of this mission was faced with obstacles such as low levels of confidence in the Malian government and unfavorable security dynamics. The withdrawal of MINUSMA's withdrawal in 2023 reflects the need for a more contextualized, adaptive and collaborative approach to peacekeeping in similar international missions